Japanese Science Policies and their Impacts on Scientific Research (re-revised 20250517)
Abstract (Version 3)
Innovation in science and technology arises from balanced supports for basic research, applied research, and societal implementation. However, changes in Japanese science policy that shifts toward top-down, evaluation-based, and competitive funding practices appear to have undermined Japan’s long-term research sustainability and innovation potential. The “selection and concentration” strategy (prioritization of specific research areas) and “competition principle,” combined with persistent reduction in Management Expenses Grants, have significantly altered Japan’s research environment for the worse. Together with these policy changes, the introduction of fixed-term contracts in academia has increased instability at both the institutional and individual levels and has diminished the time and resources available for long-term basic research. Academic careers in science have become less attractive, as evidenced by declining doctoral student enrollment. These changes threaten the potential for scientific discoveries that lead to innovation. Although initiatives such as the introduction of University Research Administrators (URAs) have been implemented to support researchers, such efforts remain insufficient to counterbalance the systemic challenges faced by Japan’s research ecosystem. To reestablish a stable research environment, rethinking the strategy may be necessary, including restoration of stable institutional funding, sustainable career pathways, and balanced funding allocation to basic science that foster seeds for future innovation.
「運営費交付金の中に含まれる研究活動分」けを科学技術関係予算に計上。つまり、大学教員の給与そのものが丸ごと科学技術関係予算に入るわけではなく、研究活動に資する部分(研究時間に応じた割合)だけがカウント 英語で説明すると:In Japan’s science and technology budget, university faculty salaries funded through the Management Expenses Grants are not classified under the “science and technology promotion expenditures,” but a portion related to research activities is included in the overall science and technology budget.
The Management Expenses Grants for National University Corporations (国立大学法人運営費交付金)are not classified under Japan’s science and technology promotion expenditures (科学技術振興費). These grants cover a wide range of operational costs, including education, research, and administrative expenses, and are treated separately from competitive research funding programs.
特別会計と補正予算は、全く別のもの。英語で説明した例:Special accounts (特別会計) are permanent budget frameworks designated for specific governmental purposes, while supplementary budgets (補正予算) are ad hoc budgetary additions to the original fiscal plan made during the fiscal year.
Management Expenses Grants for National University Corporations 国立大学法人運営費交付金
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